By Amanda Rose Newton
October is a month marked by the vibrant colors of autumn, and its birth flowers, marigold and cosmos, reflect that brilliance.
Both flowers hold rich cultural significance and offer beauty to gardens. Let’s dive into their history, symbolism, and how you can grow them in Central Florida.
The History and Symbolism of Marigold
Marigolds have long been cherished for their brilliant gold, orange, and red blooms. The flower’s association with October comes from its vibrant hues that match the warm colors of fall. Historically, marigolds have been revered in many cultures, most notably in Mexico during Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead), where they symbolize the beauty and fragility of life. The Aztecs also used marigolds in their ceremonies, and today they are a symbol of love, creativity, and warmth.
The name “marigold” is derived from “Mary’s gold,” referring to the Virgin Mary. In Christian traditions, the flower has been used in religious offerings and as a symbol of faith. Its association with October might also stem from its bloom period, which lasts through the fall, keeping gardens colorful as the weather cools.
Growing Marigold in Central Florida
Best Time to Plant: In Central Florida, marigolds can be grown nearly year-round. However, the ideal time to plant marigolds from seed is in early fall (September to October) or early spring (February to March), when the weather is slightly cooler but still warm enough to promote growth.
How to Grow: Marigolds thrive in Florida’s warm climate, and they’re especially known for being heat and drought tolerant. They prefer full sun and well-drained soil, which makes them perfect for Florida’s sandy soils. You can start seeds indoors 4 to 6 weeks before planting or sow them directly into garden beds.
Soil Preparation: Choose a spot with good drainage. If your soil is too sandy, you can amend it with organic compost to help retain moisture.
Watering: Marigolds are low-maintenance and drought-tolerant but still appreciate regular watering, especially during the early stages of growth.
Maintenance: Deadhead the flowers regularly to encourage continuous blooming and prevent the plant from going to seed too early.
The History and Symbolism of Cosmos
Cosmos, with their delicate, daisy-like petals, symbolize order and harmony, as the flower’s name comes from the Greek word “kosmos,” meaning order or world. Traditionally, cosmos represent peace and tranquility, making them an ideal birth flower for October, a transitional month where nature begins to quiet down in preparation for winter.
Cosmos were introduced to Europe from Mexico in the 16th century by Spanish explorers. Their ease of growth and bright colors, ranging from white to deep purples and pinks, quickly made them a garden favorite. Today, they’re associated with October because of their peak blooming season, which extends from summer into fall.
Growing Cosmos in Central Florida
Best Time to Plant: Cosmos are annuals in Florida, and while they can be planted in spring or fall, planting them in late summer to early fall (August to September) is ideal for Central Florida.
This gives them time to establish before the cooler months and allows you to enjoy their blooms through October.
How to Grow: Cosmos are incredibly easy to grow, even for novice gardeners. They love full sun and are quite drought-tolerant once established. Here’s how you can grow cosmos in Central Florida:
Soil Preparation: Cosmos prefer poor to moderately fertile soil. They will produce more flowers if the soil isn’t too rich, so avoid over-fertilizing. Well-drained sandy soil, common in Florida, is perfect.
Watering: Cosmos need minimal water once they’re established. Too much water can result in fewer blooms and more foliage, so be mindful of overwatering.
Spacing: Space cosmos about 12 to 18 inches apart to allow them room to spread. They can grow quite tall, so providing enough space will help them thrive.
Cosmos flowers attract beneficial pollinators like butterflies and bees, which is another reason they’re a favorite among Florida gardeners.
Marigold and Cosmos in Your Florida Garden
Both marigold and cosmos are perfect for adding vibrant colors to your garden as fall begins. Their resilience and minimal care requirements make them excellent choices for Central Florida’s climate, where the warm, sunny days and sandy soils are ideal. Plus, both flowers attract beneficial insects, making them great companion plants for vegetable gardens.
Whether you’re celebrating an October birthday or simply want to enjoy the beauty of these flowers, marigolds and cosmos will add long-lasting color and charm to your outdoor spaces. These fall blooms remind us of the beauty in life’s transitions, offering both brightness and serenity to gardens and hearts alike.
Final Tips:
For continuous blooms, plant both marigold and cosmos in succession every few weeks during the growing season.
Deadheading both plants will encourage them to produce more flowers.
In Central Florida, even though the fall is mild, protect young plants from unexpected cold snaps by covering them or bringing potted varieties indoors.
Embrace the bright, warm tones of October with these cheerful and easy-to-grow flowers.
